Reinforcement

Behavioral StudiesPedagogy & Learning

In behavioural psychology, any consequence that strengthens the behaviour it follows, whether by adding a desirable stimulus (positive) or removing an aversive one (negative).

Reinforcement is a core mechanism of operant conditioning and is widely applied in classroom management, adaptive learning and gamification, where timely rewards encourage continued effort and engagement.

Related Terms
Operant Conditioning
A form of learning, described by B.F. Skinner, in which behaviour is shaped by its consequences, with reinforcement increasing and punishment decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour recurring.
Behaviorism
A theory of learning holding that behaviour is acquired through conditioning and shaped by interaction with the environment, focusing on observable responses rather than internal mental states.
Motivation
The internal and external forces that initiate, direct and sustain goal-directed behaviour, including learning.
Gamification
The use of game elements such as points, badges and leaderboards to drive engagement in learning.
Formative Feedback
Specific, timely information given to a learner about their performance with the aim of closing the gap between current and desired understanding.