Operant Conditioning

Behavioral StudiesPedagogy & Learning

A form of learning, described by B.F. Skinner, in which behaviour is shaped by its consequences, with reinforcement increasing and punishment decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour recurring.

Operant conditioning explains how reward systems, feedback and consequences influence student behaviour. It underlies token economies, gamified point systems and the reinforcement loops built into many learning technologies.

Related Terms
Classical Conditioning
A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus, after repeated pairing with a meaningful stimulus, comes to trigger a similar response on its own.
Reinforcement
In behavioural psychology, any consequence that strengthens the behaviour it follows, whether by adding a desirable stimulus (positive) or removing an aversive one (negative).
Behaviorism
A theory of learning holding that behaviour is acquired through conditioning and shaped by interaction with the environment, focusing on observable responses rather than internal mental states.
Gamification
The use of game elements such as points, badges and leaderboards to drive engagement in learning.
Motivation
The internal and external forces that initiate, direct and sustain goal-directed behaviour, including learning.