Constructivism

Behavioral StudiesPedagogy & Learning

A learning theory holding that learners actively construct their own understanding by building on prior knowledge and experience rather than passively receiving information.

Rooted in the work of Piaget and Vygotsky, constructivism emphasises exploration, social interaction and meaning-making. It underpins inquiry-based, project-based and experiential approaches to teaching.

Social constructivism, associated with Vygotsky, stresses the role of culture, language and collaboration, and gives rise to concepts such as the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

Related Terms
Cognitivism
A learning theory that views the mind as an information processor and focuses on internal mental processes such as memory, attention and problem-solving.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
The gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable other, a concept introduced by Lev Vygotsky.
Scaffolding
Temporary instructional support that is gradually removed as learners gain competence.
Inquiry-Based Learning
Teaching driven by student questions, investigation and discovery rather than direct transmission of facts.
Social Learning Theory
A theory, associated with Albert Bandura, holding that people learn by observing, imitating and modelling the behaviour, attitudes and outcomes of others.